Russian Reform And Economics: The Last Quarter Of The 20th Century :: essays research papers fc

Russian Reform and Economics: The Last Quarter of the twentieth Century Diagram Proposition: As the renewal of the USSR was turning into a the truth, Russia's economy was disintegrating underneath it. Russia started its monetary test of perestroika in the 1980's. The Russian individuals needed monetary security and opportunity, while the government was attempting to acquire majority rule government. The past administration styles should have been changed alongside the way that most organizations in Russia worked. I. Reorganization of USSR A. The change from socialism to popular government. B. The adjustment in government has greatly affected the Russian individuals what's more, laborers. C. The reconstruction left the Russian economy topsy turvy. II. Post-Reform economy versus Pre-Reform economy. A. There were numerous means in the reorganization of the economy. B. What are a portion of the impacts of a changing economy? C. There are numerous progressions that are as yet required all together for the Russian economy to develop. III. What will be the fate of Russia's Economy? Principle Body As the reconstruction of the USSR was turning into a the truth, Russia's economy was disintegrating underneath it. Russia started its monetary test of perestroika in the 1980's. The Russian individuals needed financial security and opportunity, while the government was attempting to get vote based system. The past administration styles should have been changed alongside the way that most organizations in Russia worked. The Russian Federation comprises of 17,075,400 square km, which is generally 76.2 percent of the previous USSR, and covers around 12 percent of the world's territory surface. The Russian Federation's populace in 1991 was 147.3 million (Smith, A., 7). During the 1980's the Russian government began a reconstruction procedure called "perestroika," which means rebuilding (Aganbegyan, 1). Perestroika implies subjective changes and change in the legislature and in the economy. The four phases of perestroika are the "Preliminary stage (March 1985- February 1986)," the "Stabilizing stage (March 1986 - January 1987)," the "Expansive stage (January - November 1987)," and the "Regrouping stage (November 1987 onwards)" (Hill & Dellenbrant, 140). The legislature additionally distinguished two different procedures. "Glasnost," which implies transparency, bolstered the solid financial change (Aganbegyan, 1; Hill & Dellenbrant, 54). The increasing speed of monetary change was called "uskorenie" (Aganbegyan, 1). Numerous progressions occurred during the years contained in every one of the phases of perestroika. This progressions ran from government arrangements and structure to mechanical creation systems to monetary strategies. The significant change came in 1991 with the separation of USSR. This liberated the individual states and permitted them to become autonomous nations. These new nations experienced radical government changes. A large number of them, including Russia, decided to actualize majority rules system. This change from a focal military based structure into popular government

Prediction and Control of Occupant †Free Samples to Students

Question: Examine about the Prediction and Control of Occupant. Answer: Presentation The circumstance depicted in this specific contextual investigation is that a quickly developing law office, Cheetham and Wyne is situated in Aucklandand works in business law. The law office was at first established by Owen Cheetham and Jack Wyne. At that point the accomplices list expanded by two additional legal advisors who were Mark Cheetham and Cathy Wyne. With the appearance of new faces and recruiting of new staff, the old premises of the workplace turned out to be very little for obliging the absolute number of representatives, in this way the whole office was moved to another premises that ignored the harbor. Imprint and Cathy additionally persuaded their dads to rebuild the workplace structure into an open arrangement plan. This investigation especially centers upon the adjustments in office after the establishment of the open office plan and the responses of the accomplices and representatives according to this. The conversation has been introduced as answers comparable t o the inquiries referenced in the undertaking. There are various explanations behind workers opposing the change to an open-plan office approach. One of the significant reasons is that workers when all is said in done are impervious to change. This implies representatives subsequent to working in a specific situation for a significant stretch of time will in general become acclimated to such condition, along these lines oppose any sort of progress. To be progressively explicit, for the most part a specific individual is the most agreeable in his own home, correspondingly a worker is the most agreeable in the known condition that he is working in since the start, thusly favors their old work area as opposed to another table (Creemers 2014). The authors or the senior accomplices Jack and Owen however didn't care for changing the structure of the workplace into open arrangement plan they tuned in to their kids and changed the structure of the workplace. Also like Jack and Owen a large number of the representatives believe that encased spaces as opposed to open wide ones empower an individual to work in a superior manner, along these lines they oppose the open arrangement approach (Kim and de 2013). Another purpose behind opposing change to an open-plan office approach is that a few workers particularly those among the ranking staff of the law office feel that they have lost their protection and that they are dealt with excessively much similarly with the other staff that is their subordinates. This is an explanation of concern on the grounds that when all is said in done the greater part of the ranking staff are elderly people men who like their protection and don't care for working in open spaces. Some different representatives are of the assessment that the open-plan office approach has hampered their work on the grounds that prior they could spend their little interims of breaks in the middle of work, just by sitting in their own encased spaces and talking via telephone yet now as the whole idea of dividers has been destroyed under the structure of open-plan office approach, they are not having the option to invest their relaxation energy in agreement to their desire. Actual ly this is valid and prompted by specialists that the littlest proportion of time that a worker gets inside their work ought to be quality time spent by the person in question. In the event that this is blocked, at that point the nature of work is eventually hampered. Along these lines this is a significant explanation behind opposing change. Another explanation is that the web based booking framework that Cathy had presented for booking spaces for directing gatherings has not been a triumph among the representatives. Indeed, even the playpen made for the unwinding of the representatives is of no utilization as the workers use it to talk and sitting around idly. Consequently the authors Jack and Owen oppose the change (Hongisto et al., 2016). Another significant purpose behind representatives opposing the change to an open-plan office approachis that, an office is the gathering purpose of various people from various foundations and every one of them have a one of a kind style of reasoning and have a place with various societies. This might be a positive point for some yet in the event of working in an office where there is no choice other than speaking with everybody as the work place is structured in such a manner, it might be a boundary or an issue of worry for some. For an example the subject of enthusiasm for a specific worker may not be the equivalent for another and as the plan of the workplace is to such an extent that there are no dividers or encased spaces, a representative is left with no other alternative yet to take an interest. This may not be a significant issue of worry for others yet a few workers might be worn out by this de (Bakker et al., 2017). The most concerning issue with the idea of open-plan offic e is that it straightforwardly influences business. This is on the grounds that a law office handles an assortment of customers and accordingly there will be sure customer driven basic data that is private and should just be shared between the customer and his legal advisor. A structure of open-plan office is with the end goal that there will be no encased spaces where such trade of secret data can happen, along these lines forcing a penetrate on the customers information security. In this way these are the essential explanations behind the representatives presenting protection from change (Austin, Kimmons and Sigmar 2014). The accomplices so as to limit the protection from change may have received various ways. The primary move that could be made is that alongside the fully open space shared by workers there additionally could be the arrangement of meeting rooms or encased spaces accessible so the representatives could benefit the alternative of both speaking with everybody and keeping up their protection as and when required. The following move that could be made with respect to the accomplices is that before actualizing the open-plan office structure, a criticism from the staff could be taken to design the plan in a superior and able manner. This would likewise guarantee that the necessities and decisions of the workers of are remembered while executing anything in the workplace or during the time spent dynamic. The administration of the law office ought to be exceptionally excited about keeping up the protection of customer data. Customer data is critical data in the hands of the firm and ought to b e taken care of with most extreme consideration. For this reason little, completely encased rooms could likewise be introduced inside theoffice premises where legal advisors and customers could meet and examine the case as needs be. In conclusion the ranking staff who have been in the firm for quite a while ought to be treated with due regard meaning individual rooms ought to be orchestrated by their chain of command of power (Konis 2013). The boundaries of correspondence that seem to exist in the law office are various. As indicated by the contextual analysis there has been heaps of objections from a considerable lot of the staff in the law office. The significant hindrance to correspondence is the insufficiency of the utilization of composed correspondence. For an occasion a specific representative as referenced for the situation study remarks that he had been utilized as a bookkeeper in the law office alongside heaps of guarantee like he would be accountable for the regulatory and the paralegal staff. He was additionally guaranteed that he would deal with the whole staff other than the legal counselors yet following nine months of work he was simply overseeing four of the staff and even the rebuilding of the firm had not occurred. When enquired, the bookkeeper had been educated that because of moving of the workplace to the new premises the rebuilding was waiting and would advance once the moving to the new premises had been finished. Be that as it may, post moving the needful despite everything had not been done in the previous three months. The specific worker likewise enlisted himself in a MBA identified with law with thehope that the expenses of the course would be borne by the firm as examined with him casually by means of verbal correspondence. This as regular was not kept up with respect to his manager. That because introduced to him was that typically course charges added up to $6000 per annum in this manner his MBA expenses that added up to $30000 couldn't be borne by the organization. In this manner no utilization of composed correspondence is undoubtedly a hindrance to correspondence (Shahzad 2016). Another hindrance is absence of association among the representatives. For example there are a few occasions that occur in office trips. The method of communicating humor by certain people may not be the equivalent for other people. As referenced for the situation study Cathy putting ants inside the highest point of Pauline during the workplace cookout was not in the slightest degree increased in value by Pauline yet this was not conveyed by Pauline. Had this been sat and examined between the two then the individual hard feelings and objections could be rejected. Another occurrence is that another representative post the procedure of execution survey, got just a raise of two percent. At the point when he enquired the purpose behind such a low raise he was educated that he was excessively delayed in preparing agreements and his work had a few mistakes however when further enquired about the blunders he was educated that the mistakes were remedied and that his no further help was requi red. This is likewise an obstruction to correspondence in light of the fact that had the questions with respect to the raise been cleared by the more significant position authority official then the disarray and protest with respect to the representative could have been maintained a strategic distance from (Chraibi et al., 2016). There are additionally issues in regards to the correspondence of the arrangements of the firm. For a case a specific circumstance is depicted for the situation study where a specific worker asserts that he has shared certain altered and provocative data about Cathy in the internet based life by tending to her with an alternate name. Presently if the guidelines and guidelines about sharing any sort of information identified with the workplace over the web-based social networking could be very much imparted to every single representative then the event of such annoyance could have been deflected (Vassie and Richardson 2017). The manners by which the obstructions to correspondence can be maintained a strategic distance from are expanding both bury level and intra level correspondence. The correspondence gives that are featured in the above response to section a c

You Can Write A College Admissions Essay About Anything You Want

You Can Write A College Admissions Essay About Anything You Want Why You Can Write A College Essay About Anything You Want Why You Can Write A College Essay About Anything You Want Many of our students initially approach  the process of choosing a college essay topic by  asking, What does admissions want to hear? The real question they should be asking themselves is, What do I really want to say? The College Admissions essay is an exercise in expression. It is a test of creativity.  And ultimately, it is the admissions boards call for each student to display something that is intriguing about his/her personality, passions and beliefs. In execution, this means students are better served, not by trying to read into the desires of their future essay readers, but rather by searching themselves for topics that will showcase their true interests and life experiences. A perfect example of a student successfully approaching a topic in this manner came from last years admissions cycle. A Chinese student applying to schools in the US submitted an essay about his love of ramen noodles. Thats right he wrote an ode to the salty, savory noodles in the styrofoam cup, explaining how his sampling of this everyday delicacy led to his exploration of a range of other Asian foods and a wider worldview. And he was accepted to University of Rochester, who wrote him a personal letter of congratulations, specifically praising his unique and highly personal take on the essay. So students, dont be fooled into thinking you need to write an elevated masterpiece about how youre trying to save the world. Avoid stretching yourself to come up with topics that are beyond your natural instincts. Think about the things you love, and write from the heart. Write about something you really want to write about. That, as it turns out, is exactly what admissions is looking for. Check out more  Tips for Brainstorming Essay Topics. Read more about  The College Essay Advisors Process. Contact us  for more information and food related wisdoms. About CEA HQView all posts by CEA HQ »

Companion Animals As A Support Mechanism For The...

1019HUM – Academic Essay ‘Companion Animals as a Support Mechanism for the Development of Children in the Parent-Child Relationship’ The childhood development process and the environments that children are required to develop in, are fundamentally complex and dynamic (Esposito, McCune, Griffin Maholmes 2011; Zacker 1957; Mueller 2014). There are many difficulties that both parents and children often encounter throughout a child’s development. In many circumstances, people have insufficient support available to assist them in overcoming difficult situations. The presence of these difficulties can have negative consequences for childhood development (Endenburg Van Lith 2011, p. 210). In the last few decades, extensive research has†¦show more content†¦Lastly, this paper concludes that support mechanisms within families are an important factor for ensuring optimal childhood development. Therefore, further research should be conducted on the role that companion animals can have in family support systems. In order to examine the benefits a companion animal can provide a child during their development, it is necessary to first outline those developmental processes that occur throughout the development stages. â€Å"Children have to master tasks concerning cognitive†¦ social and emotional development. These tasks represent milestones in development† (Endenburg Van Lith 2011, p. 208). Cognitive development refers to a broad range of processes that involve linguistic and perceptual operations; encompassing a child’s ability to read, write, and perform arithmetic (Weiner 1977, p. 87; Endenburg Van Lith 2011, p. 209). Social-emotional development is greatly determined by levels of self-esteem, and consists of the child’s ability to create positive relationships, and to experience and express ideas, feelings and emotions while engaging with their environment (Weiner 1977, p. 88; Endenburg Van Lith 2011, p. 209). These developmental processes are influenced by ma ny variables; such as those within the child’s social network, and the functioning and style of parenting the child is exposed to (Hurley 2014; Endenburg Van Lith 2011). Exploring the benefits of companion animals

Introduction to C Classes and Objects

Social Psychology And Their Measurement - 2350 Words

Attitudes are said to be a central concept in social psychology and their measurement is even more intriguing for the researchers. Throughout the years many psychologists and sociologists have had major disputes concerning the exact definition of attitudes (Fleming 1967; Rokeach 1969; Fishbein Ajzen 1975). The concept itself has been so ambiguous that it is difficult to perceive how the definitions are conceptually similar or different from one another. Along with the conflicts about the exact science definition, the investigators have developed many different kinds of measurement which can be used nowadays as well (Thurstone 1928; Likert 1932; Guttman 1944; Osgood 1957). This essay has the purpose to summarise and explain the concept of†¦show more content†¦Back then the concept was more physical than psychological. People used the word to describe the posture of figure, while nowadays this is only a secondary meaning. Studying attitudes has been an interest for psychologists since the early 1918 when Thomas and Znaniecki first made a study on attitudes by using Polish immigrants as a subject (Thomas Znaniecki 1918). It is considered to be the first scientific research on this broad topic and the first to propose that the study of attitudes is a central task of social psychology. The process of becoming social psychology’s most important concept continues with Chein in 1948 when he writes that defining attitude is not a definition of a word, but a definition of a whole area in psychology (Chein 1948). According to him an attitude is independent of how it is learned. On the other hand, Asch (1952) and Allport (1950) suggest that attit udes are either formed by past experiences or learned. In his ‘Handbook of Social Psychology’ Allport also suggest that this concept has both physical and mental role. He is giving as an evidence the root of the word ‘attitude’ – form the Latin ‘aptus’ it means ‘fitness’ or ‘adaptedness’, but again deriving from the same Latin root the word ‘aptitude’ means ‘mental preparation for action’ (Allport 1954). Later on Fleming would argue that Darwin took the first step to attitude measurement by using the concept to

Black Legend Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

Black Legend Essay, Research Paper The Black Legend During the late 15th and early 16th centuries Catholic Spain was get downing a huge motion in attempts to rule Europe by suppressing lands about the New World. Lands in Mexico and countries near the Yucatan known as New Spain became the focal point of Spain s conquering. Bing the first state to administer their settlements throughout the New World, Spain was ridiculed by neighbouring states like England and France. However this type of ridiculing was mostly due to the faith of Spain at the clip. After the Protestant Reformation, Spain had remained to be a Catholic state. Therefore powers like England were able to assail Spain from all political sides. This new vision of Spain s bloody conquering in South America allowed Protestant Europeans to originate a theory on Spain s conquerings known as the Black Legend. This Black Legend was said to state that the Spanish were barbarous to the indigens in their settlements merely because they were Catholic. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Legend Essay Research Paper The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Based on the given articles written from the bulk of which were brought approximately from different position and sentiments, this fable in my sentiment must be true. Such people who wrote these letters or docudramas were well- sure solons, and to lie to the governor of one # 8217 ; s state was considered to be a wickedness to both the Majesty and to God. Even in the positions of those belonging to Spain and the Catholic Church, the Spaniard # 8217 ; s try to represent themselves in the New World was an unjustly and barbarous cause. The chief ground for Spain s barbarian attack to the New World was in effort to the counter-Reformation. The Spaniards wanted to pull new voices in the Catholic Church by directing missionaries and Jesuits to the New World in order to spread out the faith and hopefully convey the terminal of Protestant Reformation by barricading off all England s and Europe s effort in colonisation. Therefore, the usage of force was needed to suppress new lands and advance God and His Majesty for Spain. Since the position of the French, English, and even Spanish are used, in my best words I claim the Black Legend to be true. In the words of de Las Casas who he himself was a Catholic Spaniard said that the indigens were people who were patient, peaceable and unagitated. They neer had hatred, desire, or retribution. He considered them to be weak and delicate people who lived amongst themselves in peace and harmoniousness. How of all time, in conformity to the priest, the Spaniards and their Equus caballuss came and slaughtered the adult females, work forces, and kids in hunt of enlargement and chiefly gold. This desire for gold kept the Spaniards on the move, and until they had had all they would non rest. Even in the eyes of an Aztec who had nil but his people, the Spaniards killed and robbed the people and even at times took advantage of their adult females. This ferociousness, nevertheless, merely seemed to be in the eyes of conquistadors. For among present twenty-four hours America, the Gallic and Puritans struck singular friendly relationship among the local indigens. The Gallic with the assistance of the baronial Samuel de Champlain struck a trade trade with the Indians for beaver pelt. Even the Puritans gained trust from Squanto in Plymouth to construct a durable relationship of trust and friendly relationship. When Sir Walter Raleigh arrived in the Caribbean he described the people as frightened and bewildered due to the plundering Spanish who took advantage of their adult females and embarrassed their work forces. Even with such conquerings and ferociousness of the Spanish, commercial Catholicism was non reached harmonizing to Father Juan Rogel in a missive to Pedro I. He claimed that despite great promotions in the modernisation of the indigens, he was unable to convey them to the understanding about the faith. Since the Indians were on the move 9 of 12 months he was unable to larn the linguistic communication to the full or wholly preach to them. And when he did they would invariably do merriment of his words. He acknowledged that the lone manner acquire them to collaborate were to settle them down and build small towns. For if any adult male was to follow them for 50 old ages, his message would neer acquire across. These concrete facts, letters, and personal histories seem to indicate at the Spaniards as being barbarous due to the fact that they were Catholic and had the desire to acquire their message across and take advantage of the people and ownerships of the ancient civilisations established in the New World. The Protestants really good could hold done such things every bit good in order to barricade the counter-Reformation, alternatively they took the advice of the indigens and established a more comfortable foundation and settlement. Even though today most of South America is Catholic, they are still behind chiefly due to the Acts of the Apostless that occurred 100s of old ages ago. In bend the Black Legend did hold a big impact on the colonisation and Reformation of the New World.

Bullfighting Essays - Blood Sports, Animal Killing, Animal Welfare

Bullfighting Bullfighting is a tradition, art and athletic sport combined in one. Bullfighting originated in the classical world. The first bullfights supposedly took place in Knossos, Greece, "a contest of some sort is depicted in a wall painting unearthed... dating from about 2000 BC. It shows male and female acrobats confronting a bull, grabbing its horns as it charges, and vaulting over its back." (Encarta) Bullfights stayed popular after the Greek era had declined, in Rome. The spectacle of bullfighting during this time period was scarcely an art form but pure sport. It was not until the Moors of North Africa conquered the Visigoths of Europe in 711 AD that bullfighting started to evolve into an art. The Moors would ride skilled horses on feast days on which they killed the bulls. During this time period, when the Moors were redefining bullfighting, there were those bullfighters that rode horses and killed the bulls but there were also those men who stood on the ground with capes. The men that wielded the capes aided the horsemen in how the bull was positioned during the fight. These men began to draw most of the attention from the crowd due to their expertise and craftsmanship with their capes; these men eventually became the matadors of 2 today. With this development, a corrida de toros ("the running of the bulls") began to take the shape in which it is seen today as modern bullfighting. In 1726 Francisco Romero of Ronda, Spain fit the last piece into the bullfighting puzzle when he introduced the estoque (the sword) and the: "The muleta [bullfighting cape]... a Spanish cloak, and you can even see it being worn at times, if rain falls, by fighters off duty... It is nowadays made of two thicknesses of heavy silk, the outside being blotting-paper pink and the inside generally yellow. It is very strong." (Machnad 58) The modern sport of bullfighting is strictly an art form, having evolved from its origin in ancient Greece and firmly taken its roots mostly in Spanish speaking countries. Bulls used for bullfighting are a special breed of animal and their lives and breeding reflect that fact: "This Spanish fighting bull is a long way removed from the Hereford or the Jersey, or even the Texas longhorn. You can let cattle run loose on the open range for generations until they are complete ?outlaws', but they will never turn into what the 3 Spanish call toros bravos or fighting bulls. The reason is that the race is different." (Machnad 5) There are two races of cattle native to Spain, one domestic and the other wild. The domestic animals came over by land from Asia and were already domesticated by the Celts. The other race came by sea from Northern Africa and was being thoroughbred in ancient Egypt at that time. These latter animals were only barely domesticated and began to roam the Spanish mountainsides wild. This fighting bull is called Bos Taurus Africanus. This bull is a descendant of Bos Primigenius or the Primordial Bull. Some of these Primordial Bulls survived in herds in the German forests and were hunted by men such as Julius Caesar who said, "In size they are a little less than elephants; in species, colour and shape, they are bulls." (Machnad 5) Most bulls that enter the ring with the bullfighter are at least four years old, one year older than those bulls in the slaughterhouse. In the eyes of the spectator, the last twenty minutes of the bull's life are what matters. The fighting bull lives the life of peace in nature until it is time for the fight, having the best pastures and rations of food than that of its cousins, the domesticated cow. Calves are born in the winter and suckled by the mother until just after the second summer of the calf's life. At this point the calf is separated from the mother and branded shortly thereafter. When the calves reach a certain age they are put through a rigorous bravery test. This test, called a tienta, consists of most 4 everything in an actual bullfight minus the banderillos and the kill. Experts determine which calves will become fighting bulls by grading "the animal's attitude, style, speed, smoothness, nervousness or calmness, nobility and mode of going for the cloth lures," (Machnad 41) After the bull has matured he is put into a traveling box and taken to his final destination. The unboxing of the bulls is a very tense moment for all involved because the bulls

Issue Paper Essays - Bush Family, Livingston Family, Schuyler Family

Issue Paper Essays - Bush Family, Livingston Family, Schuyler Family Issue Paper Issue paper In the two thousand presidential elections there are two main candidates. The candidates are Al Gore and Governor George W Bush. Al Gore is the candidate running for the Democratic Party and Bush is running for the Republic party. Each candidate has great points on certain issues. The president whom won my vote though, was Governor Bush. Bush won my vote for many reasons. Some of his feelings for certain issues met in agreement with mine. His main mentor is his father. He is governor, so he definitely has the leadership skills needed to be president. His tax cut plan seems to be highly intelligent. He feels that it is important to cut taxes to lessen government spending and to keep economy growing. He pledges to cut one point three trillion dollars for everyone. The best part being is that George wants to cut taxes for people of every class. He has what seems to be a great social security plan, which is to not cut social security for senior citizens. Bush doesnt even want to think of touching set aside money for social security. He wants to give younger workers the option to invest some of their contributions. According to George, his first priority is education. He wants to assist education any which way he can to increase its efficiency. He feels that the government should give schools more stately freedom. Governo r Bush has a list of principles to better schools, some of which are: having measurable goals, regular testing, accountability, local control, and competition. He applied this principle to Texas where he is govenor and the results are incredible. Gore did not win my vote. He didnt win it for a few reasons. He is the vice- president; this is proof that he definitely has the experience. He wants to bring more government into peoples lives. He feels it is trully necessary. Als first priority is campaign-finance reform. He feels that it needs many adjustments, for there are so many flaws in the old laws that contain it. Al wants to reduce the cost of campaigns, restore the faith of the people, and eliminate the influence of special interests and more. He offers great ideas but this shouldnt be his first priority. For social security he feels the system should be kept the same and have Uncle Sam fund extra retirement plans for the working class. He has many propositions of how to save the social security fund. Some of his propositions are; to devote all social security surpluses to social security, oppose efforts to raise the retirement age, three: improving fairness to widows, to create retirement savings plus accounts, which are tax-free accounts that are maintained by private financial institutions, and more. This shows he wants more government involvement. For his tax plan it seems that he wants to pick only certain people to give assistance to and neglect the others. Some categories he has chosen to help out are; Working families caring for children and aging parents, for educational purposes, Family liabilities, retirements, low-income communities, and more. My vote is for Bush, and stands firm. I like Gores tax plan a little better, but Bushs whole outlook seems more beneficial to me. I dont like Clinton too much and I feel that if we do get Gore as president it is just like reelecting Clinton. Gore has some good ideas but his wanting for more government involvement made him lose my vote. Overall Bush has better plans and ideas in-which government assistance is not needed.

Energy savings Entrepreneurship in Singapore Essay

Energy savings Entrepreneurship in Singapore - Essay Example ing companies’ horizon has grown vast with the realisation that investment made on the energy saving technologies would be a profitable deal in the long run. ESCOs provide a complete package of services starting from the appraisal to the project financing, guaranteeing the success of the project besides providing equipment maintenance and servicing. Only accredited ESCOs can provide energy saving technology services; Energy Sustainability Unit (ESU), a division of the School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore, runs an accreditation programme to introduce quality and standard in the services of energy saving companies (E2 Singapore) 1. Before discussing the ESCOs in detail, let’s have a good view of energy sector in Singapore. Energy sector in Singapore involves electricity consumption, energy consumption, energy intensity, energy statistics, and energy efficiency policies. Electricity consumption as per 2005 stats given in the National Energy Policy Report includes power generation sector consuming 51% fuel to generate electricity for different sectors namely transport, buildings, household and others, as shown in the chart below. The Energy Market Authority governs the business of awarding licenses to private companies to generate electricity. The graph below depicts the electricity consumption and electricity consumption per capita from 1990 to 2007, as given by the Energy Market Authority and the Singapore Department of Statistics (Eugene, May 14, 2009). 4 The graph shows ever-increasing level of consumption, culminating to 2.6 times from 1990 to 2007 but consumption per capita went up at a slower pace of 1.8 times, showing no movement between 2005 to 2007 (Eugene, May 14, 2009). 4 In the matter of energy consumption and energy intensity, stats of the two organizations -- the Energy Information Administration (EIA) and the International Energy Agency (IEA) are different while comparing Singapore’s energy intensity with America

Is there something problematic in the idea of European citizenship Essay

Is there something problematic in the idea of European citizenship - Essay Example I consider this question to be worth-discussing, thus the given work will try to find the answer for it by means of the corresponding research. First of all, the definition or meaning of the term â€Å"citizenship† will be provided. In order to find the correct answer to this question, the attention with be paid to such significant factors as democracy, rights, identity, constitutional patriotism, symbols etc. It will be given a short description of each of these points in order to form the attitude to the problem under consideration. As a result the most problematic issue in the idea of European leadership will be defined and the solution to the problem will be offered. The overview of the recent controversy will be presented in order to prove that even in the modern conditions, it is still possible to determine what it means to be a European citizen. The notion of citizenship The notion of citizenship is closely connected with the notion of state, because, if there is no sta te, it is impossible to talk about the citizenship. Democracy also can’t exist without citizenship. It looks like a closed circle. In this context it is possible to talk about sovereignty as well. ... It could be easily explained in the following way: it is the citizens, who form the body of government. The democracy can operate only due to the equality and participation of citizens. Liebert states: â€Å"people do effectively engage in the making of a European polity. By initiating national court proceedings active citizens are promoting fundamental European rights in Member States' practices. As party members they contribute to shaping mass media communication about, and national publics' understanding of, European political alternatives. As civil society activists citizens help build social networks for contesting certain EU reforms or advocating others. Last but not least, as voters in national and European elections they choose between competing party visions, and national parliamentary stances regarding the role of democratic citizenship. This original contribution to the debate about democratic citizenship vis-a-vis the challenges of economic globalization and European pol itical integration presents critical explorations of different fields of direct, representative, participatory and deliberative democratic citizenship practices that affect the transformation of Europe† (Liebert 2013:2). One can notice that nowadays these principals are not working in a full capacity; some of them are just omitted. As Bellamy states â€Å"Citizenship as it developed within the member states combined the values of belonging, rights and participation. EU citizenship has attempted to develop the first from an attachment to the second, and to employ new and more selective forms of the third. However, neither rights nor participation prove sustainable without a fairly strong sense of belonging, such as has already developed within the

The Organisational Culture At Enron Corporation Commerce Essay

The Organisational Culture At Enron Corporation Commerce Essay This paper analyses the Enron organisation culture and the key issues that eventually led to the Enron Corporate debacle and why it is so vital that top level management is the main proponent of this culture shaping lower level employees behaviour of moral reasoning. Moreover, as there is a need to understand how the different types of cultures may effortlessly help business to perform, this essay will identify the type of Enrons corporate culture through applying the assessment instruments developed by Cameron and Quinn (1998). In todays business environment the culture has huge impact on organizations performance. It is widely recognized by the managers, that the adoption of organisational culture as an effective control tool, gives the opportunity to affect on what people think, believe and value (Ray, 1986). It is commonly known that different organisations have typical cultures. The culture of a group can be defined as: A pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, that has worked well enough to be considered valid and therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems ( Schein, 1993: pp373-374). Organisations develop their own culture through history and structure that gives a sense of identity. Therefore, every culture possesses its own traditions, knowledge, art, moral issues, law, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by individual as a member of society (Tylor, 1970).It ascertains, through the beliefs, values and norms the way how things are done around here (Mullins, 2002: p802). Organization theory scholars distinguish that organizational cultures associate to the concept of an organization. However, Huczynsk i Buchanan (2001: p627) argue that the facade symptom of culture are its most visible and most accessible forms, which are the visible and audible behaviour patterns and objects. In the case of Enron, the analysis for the companys downfall moved well beyond financial and economic debate as the corporate culture was shown to be a main reason and contributing issue (Rapoport Dharan, 2004). The society got a shockwave when it came to that Enron was seen to be an example of corporate citizenship and ethics previous to its fall down (Sims Brinkmann, 2003) while in reality the company was cheering a culture for back-biting management possessed with exhibiting short-term profits and inflating the companys stock value. Sims and Brinkmann (2003) point out that this difference between the culture shown to the public and investors and the values being enacted within the organisation is an example of the conflict that can be found between levels of culture within an organisation as suggested by Schein (1985). Conducting the further analysis of the Enrons downfall it is vital to identify the organizational culture that the company could be identified with. Hence, in accordance to Cameron and Quinn (1998) and their developed marking criteria, there are four types of organisational cultures identified which include collaborate (clan), create (adhocracy), control (hierarchy) and compete (market) cultures. After close research and analyse of the types of organisational cultures and relating the criteria to the case study it shows that Enron applied a compete culture, which to some extent, brought the company to downfall.  Compete (market) organizations are focused on relationships- in particular, transactions-with suppliers, customers, contractors, legislators, consultants, regulators, etc. Through efficient external dealings they feel that they can best achieve suc ­cess. Compete (market) organizations are concerned about competitiveness and efficiency through accent o n partnerships and positioning (Cameron and Quinn, 1998). Enron executives spent more time distressing about reputation and getting ahead than trading with the everyday business processes needed to prolong the company.  The top managers believed Enron had to be the best at everything it did. When there existed failures and losses in their business performance, what they did was covering up their losses in order to protect their reputations instead of trying to do something to make it correct. In the case of Enron, the mutual goal of winning that is frequently anxious in compete culture organizations, did not translate past rough business deals and unethical business practices. In Enrons case, its corporate culture played an important role of its collapse. It was culture of greed and moneymaking In Enron, greed was good and money was God. There was a little regard for ethics or the law. Such attitudes infused the whole company from the top down to individual workers. Organisational culture supported unethical practises- corruption, cheating, and fake practices were widespread. Many executives and managers knew that the company was following some illegal and unethical practices, but the executives and the board of directors did not know how to make the ethical decisions and corporate ethical culture. Creative accounting and misleading profit reports were a matter of everyday procedure. Denial and reputation management enabled them carry on their unethical and often illegal activities. In addition, if the company makes huge profits in unethical way then individual who joins the organisation would also have to practice unethical things to survive in the compa ny. The management was blinded by greed and ambition, their decisions became seriously flawed. Thus company fell back and managers had to pay in the form of fines and imprisonment. Thus, disregard to organisational culture and mismanagement in huge proportions and, mainly, greed is among the key factors that brought the Enron the most innovative company to downfall. Enron was looking into the ways of getting bigger, greater and more progressive than the other companies at that time. And it seemed to be really well on the way to that target. However, the analysis of Enrons organisational structure reveals that top managers of any organisation at all times must be responsible of everything that happens in their company. Hence, the Enrons top manager (Kenneth Lay) did not have his objectives, right interest and mission in the organisation. But the success of the business depends on the executives abilities to leadership, influence on others and how the real interests and goals are foll owed by. K. Lays position as a chairman was just a title for the company and as evidence of that is the action of passing along the responsibilities to the Jeff Skilling. That could be seen as the countdown of the organisational structure breakdown which is related as the key issue to all the businesses. A wise decision-making abilities and achievement of organisational objectives truly correlates with the companys organisational structure. In Enron case, people responsible for making such wise and important decisions were obviously those from the top of the management; however they did not really possess any of the productive objectives in their minds. The final decision-making was left for the chief financial and chief operating officers whose ability, in the other hand, excluded any sense of any kind of the responsibility for the consequences could occurred. The basic interest, as it seems from the case study analysis, was the financial profit- money. Thus, decision-making was easily blinded with the quantity of the business deals made and money seen, without any of the consideration of the future problems of the organisation, such behaviour could cause. According to Reh (2002), It is the leaders job to provide the vision for the group. A good executive must have a dream and the ability to get the company to support that dream. But it is not enough to merely have the dream. The leader must also provide the framework by which the people in that organization can help achieve the dream. This is called company culture (p.1). Generally, corporate culture refers to the prevailing implicit values, attitudes and ways of doing things in a company. It often reflects the personality, philosophy and the ethnic-cultural background of the founder or the leader. Corporate culture dictates how the company is run and how people are promoted (Wong, 2005, p.185). The leadership of the Enron could not cope with providing the guidance to help the business to survive. Hence, that is the clear evidence that Jeff Skilling proclaimed the Enrons corporate culture- the culture of greed, corruption and deception. He wanted profits at all cost, in addition the hiring practices became obsessed with finding aggressive, greedy, unethical employees who could deliver on the organisations demand for short term profits. There is a direct connection between the way a business and its people conduct themselves and the leadership within it. There was no respect or responsible decision-making in the Enron. The management of the organization was totally broken down by the companys executives, who displaced their responsibilities to unprofessional staff and there was no rigorous standart of the performance for their business. The senior management failed to maintain a relationship of openness and trust with employees. Staff members who questioned the wisdom of some of Enrons decisions and practices were either ignored or silenced. Senior management cared more about self-enrichment than the needs of employees. They showed little regard for meaning and ethics beyond the bottom line (Wong, 2005, p.185).And when the top managers turned a blind eye on the legal aspects when performing financial operations, the clear message of the tolerance of the illegal practices was sent. After analysing the case study I suggest that the most important lesson is that corporate culture matters it can either bring prosperity or disaster to the organization. A company needs to promote an organisational culture with moral way of thinking as Peters Waterman (1982: p75) points out that without exception, the dominance and coherence of culture proved to be an essential quality of the excellent companies. This culture should be top level management as they are key figures, which employees will follow. If executives of a company consider the short term bottom line to be the most important factor to success then lower level employees will soon get the message and acquire the game rules. This environment is exposed to the actions such as intentionally breaking the rules, if results cannot be achieved within the legal framework. From studying the Enron case it is seen that collapse was brought on by a lack of respect, lack of concern of management and real goals. To point out that the enormous amount of losses of the company destroyed the lives of the Enrons employees and the investors who trusted and heavily invested in the business. After all taking on to account that organisational culture is able to bring an enormous difference and guide the organisation to success and prolong reasonable rewards (Hoecklin, 1995) by possessing effective management (Miroshnik, 2002), the Enrons example demonstrates that when there is unhealthy corporate culture in the company which lacks the true leadership, true interests, true goals, wise decision-making and the main issue is greed for money, then such a business is exposed to become the bankrupt.

Educational War Zone Essay -- Education, Bullying

On the afternoon of April 9, 2010 I found myself in a meeting with Kerri Evans, the assistant principal of Pleasant Ridge Middle School, and my son Nicholas. I was there because my son had become a victim of verbal abuse. It was shocking to learn that bullying has become such an epidemic in our school system. â€Å"Nearly 1 in 3 students is involved in bullying† (Hertzog, 2010). In a perfect world there would be no bullying. Kids wouldn’t get shoved into lockers, and they wouldn’t be beat up in the hallway. Students wouldn’t talk about another student behind their back because of their shape, size, race, or religion. In a perfect world this wouldn’t happen, but at that moment in our imperfect world it was happening to my son. The question is, why does it happen and what can we do to stop it? â€Å"According to a 2009 federal survey of school crime and safety, 32 percent of middle and high school students said they'd been victimized during the acade mic year, compared with 14 percent in 2001† (Tyre, 2010). Bullying was making its way into my home and affecting my life. It was then that I realized that bullying was a problem that needed to stop. Bullying in schools is escalating and becoming a bigger and bigger issue, and we must take action to eliminate it. According to Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Series: Bullying in Schools â€Å"bullying has two key components: repeated harmful acts and an imbalance of power† (Sampson, 2002). Although bullying occurs in many other places, school is where bullying is most prevalent and most concerning. In schools, physical bullying is more common among boys. This is because boys are much more aggressive than girls. However, verbal bullying such as gossip is much more common among girls. â€Å"Physical bullying... ...n reaction that Rachel wrote about. (www.rachelschallenge.org) Bullying is a repeated harmful act that continues to affect millions of students every year. There is no stereotypical person that is a target for bullying; anyone can be its victim. There may not always be any signs of physical harm during these attacks, but our children always suffer emotional harm. Educating students, teachers and parents seems to be the only valid solution to this problem. There are many organizations that can educate the schools on this subject but for it to work people must care. Maybe one day, when enough people realize that this problem will not go away with out their help, we can eliminate bullying from our schools. In a perfect world there would be no bullying, but if you could ask Rachel Scott she would tell you we do not live in a perfect world, only a hopeful one.

Theory of Management in Health Care

The essentials of management, by far, are not historically new. One can imagine the management that was needed to build the Egyptian pyramids or the Greek Parthenon. The requirement was to have people work efficiently together toward a successful common end. However, with the rise of industrialization and now with the rapid speed of change and technological advancements, effective management is needed more than ever. Healthcare, which is having such a significant impact on today's society and also undergoing many transitions in a short period of time, is a prime example of an industry that requires the best management possible. Peter Drucker, an economist and journalist, is regarded as the founding father of the study of management by experts in the worlds of business and academia. According to Drucker (2001, pg. 10), management is based on several essential principles: 1) Management concerns first and foremost human beings, who must be made capable of joint performance, their strengths effective and weaknesses irrelevant; 2) Management is thoroughly a part of individual cultures and is variable; 3) Each organization must have a commitment to common goals and unifying objectives that are set my management; 4) Management must find ways of encouraging growth and development of the organization and its members as opportunities change; 5) Within every organization are individuals with different skills and knowledge accomplishing different types of work. This necessitates effective communications as well as each person assuming responsibility for setting individual goals, making those goals known, and working with others to accomplish them; 6) Management is measured on such factors as innovation, market share, quality and people development, not by the bottom line or output quantity; and 7) Most important, results exist only on the outside with a satisfied patient, client or customer. In the early 1960s Drucker read Abraham H. Maslow's theory of management, which is based on the belief that each person has specific needs. He â€Å"became an immediate convert† (Drucker, 1999a, p. 17). Essentially, this means that different groups of employees have to be managed differently, and that the same group of workers has to be managed differently at different times (pg. 21). However, stressed Drucker, â€Å"one does not ‘manage' people. The task is to lead people. And the goal is to make productive the specific strengths and knowledge of each individual (pg. 21-22). In these days of global competition, such a leadership style is essential to point individuals in the most productive directions. One also has to prepare for continual change. In the past, management commitments for the future were based on the question, â€Å"What is most likely happen?† Now, it is necessary to plan for uncertainty by asking â€Å"What has already happened that will create the future?† (Drucker, 1995, pg. 40). All organizations, especially ones in the healthcare field, have to look at such factors as demographic trends; changes in industry, market structure, values, science and technology already in place but yet to have full impact; and trends in the economy and structure of society. They must then convert these â€Å"what is most likely to happen† into opportunities for the organization based on its strengths and competence. Further, it must develop the knowledge and people to be able to respond to these opportunities. Global society is in the midst of a major transformation, where knowledge is the primary resource if, and only if, it is integrated into a task. For managers, this dynamics of knowledge requires building change into the organizational structure. The organization must commit itself to continually creating something new (Drucker, 1995, pg. 79). As a result, management must emphasize continuous improvement or kaizen, exploit its knowledge to develop the next generation of applications from its successes and learn to innovate in a systematic process. This means that organizations must continually make changes. This may even lead to closing down a hospital when changes in medical knowledge, technology and practice make a hospital with less than 200 beds uneconomical and unable to provide excellent care (pg. 81). The organizations of the future must also routinely say, â€Å"People are our greatest asset,† and loyalty is gained through offering employees exceptional opportunities for putting their knowledge to work. Ironically, however, knowledge about the knowledge worker productivity is minimal. For example, a fair-sized U.S. hospital of 400 beds has several hundred physicians and a staff up to 1,500 paramedics divided among 60 specialties, with specialized equipment and labs. â€Å"But we do not yet know how to get productivity out of them† (Drucker, 1992, pg. 336) What is known, Drucker says in Management Challenge for the 21st Century (1999b, pg. 142), are the six major demands that underlie this productivity: 1) need to ask, â€Å"what is the task?†; 2) individuals assume responsibility for themselves; 3) continuing innovation; 4) continuous learning and teaching; 5) quality over quantity; and 6) individuals recognized as an asset. Making knowledge workers productive necessitates changes in basic attitude of the entire organization. Knowledge-worker productivity is the largest of the 21st century management challenges. In the developed countries, it is their first survival requirement (Drucker, 1999b, pg. 157). One of the biggest changes is that workers will have to manage themselves and place themselves in the location where they can make the greatest impact. They will have to learn how to develop themselves and continuously better themselves. They will have to ask themselves: â€Å"What are my strengths?†; â€Å"Where do I belong?†; â€Å"What is my contribution?†; â€Å"Where can I take relationship responsibility?†; and â€Å"How can I plan for the second half of my life?† The lesson, concludes Drucker (1998, pg. 187) is that productivity of knowledge has both a qualitative and quantitative dimension. Managers (actually executives is a better word, he says) must manage both specialists and synthesizes of the different fields of knowledge. The healthcare industry will be significantly involved in all these changes if they are not already. In an online article â€Å"The Next Information Revolution,† Drucker said of healthcare: â€Å"In healthcare a similar conceptual shift is likely to lead from healthcare being defined as the fight against disease to being defined as the maintenance of physical and mental functioning.† The battle against illness remains an essential aspect of healthcare. However, it is rather a subsection of it. The traditional healthcare providers nor the hospitals and general practice physicians may survive this change, and definitely not in their present structure and function. In healthcare, the stress will therefore transition from the â€Å"T† in IT to the â€Å"I,† as it is transitioning in business and in the general economy. Is it possible that the information people in MIS and IT prepared for such changes? He sees no sign of this so far. The 21st century is heralding in a huge transition the healthcare focus (Drucker, 1999b) While the country spent most of the prior century managing disease, it will now spend time emphasizing life extension, or maximizing the length and quality of life. The key is having a work force of nurses and allied health professionals who are educated and skilled as a chronic care coach. It is a step that goes beyond case management since it involves most patients instead of those just with the most complicated cases and situations. Overall, it will involve a major redefinition of healthcare.

George Washingtons First Inauguration

The inauguration of George Washington as the first President of the United States on April 30, 1789, was a public event witnessed by a cheering crowd. The celebration in the streets of New York City was also a very serious event, however, as it marked the  beginning of a new era. After struggling with the Articles of Confederation in the years following the Revolutionary War, there had been a need for a more effective federal government and a convention in Philadelphia in the summer of 1781 created the Constitution, which established the office of president. George Washington had been elected as president of the Constitutional Convention and, given his great stature as a national hero, it seemed obvious he would be elected as the first President of the United States. Washington  easily won the first presidential election in late 1788 and when he took the oath of office on the balcony of Federal Hall in lower Manhattan months later, it must have seemed to the citizens of the young nation that a stable government was finally coming together. As Washington stepped out onto the balcony of the building, many precedents would be created. The basic format of that first inauguration more than 225 years ago is essentially repeated every four years. Preparations for the Inauguration After delays in counting votes and certifying the election, Washington was officially informed that he had been elected on April 14, 1789. The secretary of Congress traveled to Mount Vernon to deliver the news. In an oddly formal meeting, Charles Thomson, the official messenger, and Washington read prepared statements to each other. Washington agreed to serve. He left for New York City two days later. The trip was long, and even with Washingtons carriage (a luxury vehicle of the time), it was arduous. Washington was met by crowds at every stop. On many nights he felt obligated to attend dinners hosted by local dignitaries, during which he was toasted effusively. After a large crowd welcomed him in Philadelphia, Washington was hoping to arrive in New York City (the location of the inauguration as D.C. had not yet become the nations capital) quietly. He didnt get his wish. On April 23, 1789, Washington was ferried to Manhattan from Elizabeth, New Jersey, aboard an elaborately decorated barge.  His arrival in New York was a massive public event. A letter describing the festivities that appeared in newspapers mentioned a cannon salute was fired as Washingtons barge passed the Battery at the southern tip of Manhattan. A parade formed consisting of a cavalry troop formed when he landed and also included an artillery unit, military officers, and the Presidents Guard composed of Grenadiers of the First Regiment. Washington, along with city and state officials and followed by hundreds of citizens, marched to the mansion rented as the Presidents House. The letter from New York published in the Boston Independent Chronicle on April 30, 1789, mentioned that flags and banners were displayed from buildings, and bells were rung. Women waved from windows. During the following week, Washington was kept busy holding meetings and organizing his new household on Cherry Street. His wife, Martha Washington, arrived in New York a few days later accompanied by servants which included enslaved people brought from Washingtons Virginia estate at Mount Vernon. The Inauguration The date for the inauguration was set for April 30, 1789, a Thursday morning. At noon a procession began from the Presidents House at Cherry Street. Led by military units, Washington and other dignitaries walked through several streets to Federal Hall. Keenly aware that everything he did that day would be seen as significant, Washington chose his wardrobe carefully. Though he was mostly known as a soldier, Washington wanted to emphasize that the presidency was a civilian position, and he did not wear a uniform. He also knew his clothes for the big event had to be American, not European. He wore a suit made of American fabric, a brown broadcloth made in Connecticut that was described as resembling velvet. In a small nod to his military background, he wore a dress sword. After reaching the building on the corner of Wall and Nassau Streets, Washington passed through a formation of soldiers and entered the building. According to an account in a newspaper called The Gazette of the United States and published on May 2, 1789, he was then introduced to both houses of Congress. That was, of course, a formality, as Washington would have already known many of the members of the House and Senate. Stepping out onto the gallery, a large open porch on the front of the building, Washington was administered the  oath of office by the Chancellor of the State of New York, Robert Livingston. The tradition of presidents being sworn in by the Chief Justice of the United States was still years in the future for a very good reason: the Supreme Court would not exist until September 1789, when John Jay became the first Chief Justice. A report published in a newspaper (The New York Weekly Museum) on May 2, 1789, described the scene which followed the administration of the oath of office: The Chancellor then proclaimed him THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, which was followed by the instant discharge of 13 cannon, and loud repeated shouts; THE PRESIDENT bowing to the people, the air again rang with their acclamations. He then retired with the two Houses [of Congress] to the Senate Chamber... In the Senate chamber, Washington delivered the first inaugural address. He had originally written a very long speech which his friend and adviser, future president James Madison, suggested he replace. Madison drafted a much shorter speech in which Washington expressed typical modesty. Following his speech, Washington along with new vice president John Adams and members of Congress walked to St. Pauls Chapel on Broadway. After a church service, Washington returned to his residence. The citizens of New York, however, continued celebrating. Newspapers reported that illuminations, which would have been elaborate slide shows, were projected on buildings that night. A report in the Gazette of the United States  noted that illuminations at the homes of the French and Spanish ambassadors were particularly elaborate. The report in The Gazette of the United States described the end of the great day: The evening was fine — the company innumerable — everyone appeared to enjoy the scene, and no accident cast the smallest cloud upon the retrospect.